12/15/2023 0 Comments Polynesia coursenotes![]() Differences in yield, labor, surplus, and resilience of agricultural forms helped shape differentiated political economies, hierarchies, and motivations that played a key role in the development of sociopolitical complexity in the islands. Not only is the course beautiful, you can also observe traditional Hawaiian places of worship. The Poipu Bay golf course is located on the island of Kauai, in Hawaii. Both irrigated and rainfed agricultural areas applied supplementary agricultural strategies in surrounding areas such as agroforestry, home gardens, and built soils. Great views across the Pacific at Poipu Bay (Photo credits sethbeernink) There is something about golf courses surrounded by mountains and the ocean. Intensification of rainfed agriculture was confined to areas of naturally occurring soil fertility that typically occurred in drier and younger landscapes in the southern end of the archipelago. Development of simple infrastructure over vast areas created intensive rainfed agricultural systems that were unique in Polynesia. As populations expanded into areas unable to support irrigated agriculture, highly diverse rainfed agricultural systems emerged that were adapted to local environmental and climatic variables. Once initiated, these wetland systems saw regular, continuous development and redevelopment. This agricultural form was confined by climatic and geomorphological parameters, and typically occurred in wetter, older landscapes that had developed deep river valleys and alluvial plains. Over time, investments into land-based infrastructure led to the emergence of irrigated pondfield agriculture found elsewhere in Polynesia. The earliest agricultural developments took advantage of highly fertile areas with abundant freshwater, utilizing relatively simple techniques such as gardening and shifting cultivation. Due to the late colonization of the islands, the pathways of development are fairly well reconstructed in Hawaiʻi. The last great migration of humans to lands unknown occurred with the colonization of East Polynesia about a millennium ago. Over time, highly intensive irrigated and rainfed systems emerged, supplemented by extensive use of more marginal lands that supported considerable populations. ![]() Agriculture in Hawaiʻi was developed in response to the high spatial heterogeneity of climate and landscape of the archipelago, resulting in a broad range of agricultural strategies.
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